Factors Influencing Growth in the Hotel Industry in Dubai Between 2000 and 2014 A case of Dubai Marina - 1650 Words

Factors Influencing Growth in the Hotel Industry in Dubai Between 2000 and 2014: A case of Dubai Marina (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Factors influencing growth in the Hotel Industry in Dubai Between 2000 and 2014: A case of Dubai Marina Name Institution of affiliation Factors influencing growth in the Hotel Industry in Dubai Between 2000 and 2014: A case of Dubai Marina Introduction Tourism in Dubai has shown significant growth since 2003 to 2014. In 2012, according to the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM), the state attracted 10 million tourists. The department maintained that, in pursuit the Dubai vision 2020 plan, it would attract about 20 million tourists by 2020 CITATION Dep16 \l 1033 (Department of Tourism, 2016). Most of the guests have been sourced from other markets such as United Kingdom, India, Germany, and Saudi Arabia. For example, the growth levels were 8.5% and 11% between 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 respectively. The total room supply in Dubai has also been shown an increasing trend. In 2013, for example, the number of rooms had reached 87,187 while hotel establishment had reached 611 CITATION Gov15 \l 1033 (Government of Dubai, 2015). The trends in major growth indicators such as guest arrivals and room occupation at night showed persistent increasing trend from the year 2003 to 2012. However, Dubai experienced a decrease in growth in the year 2006 and 2012 and negative growth in 2009. The average length of stay rose up to 3.89 in 2013 from 3.82 in 2012. Passenger arrivals in Dubai also show a persistent increasing trend from the year 2004 to 2013. The cumulative average growth rate of passenger arrivals grew by 15 percent since 2004. There was also a 15.2 percent increase in arrivals at the Dubai International Airport between 2012 and 2013 CITATION Mur14 \l 1033 (Murari, Kamalapurkar, Johns, French, 2014). Trends in domestic arrivals of visitors have also shown an upward trend between 2004 and 2012. The numbers are smaller compared to the foreign visitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ arrivals. The cumulative average growth rate between 2005 and 2012 was 18.5% and 5.8% for domestic and international arrivals respectively. CITATION Mur14 \l 1033 (Murari, Kamalapurkar, Johns, French, 2014). Economic performance also affects sectors in the economy which contribute to the overall GDP. Tourism and hospitality being part of the sectors will also be affected through the indicators. During the financial slowdown of 2008, for example, Dubai economy reduced in its trading performance. The tourism sector registered the lowest occupancy rate of 71% in 2010 but continued to grow to 77.5% by the end of 2012 CITATION Dep16 \l 1033 (Department of Tourism, 2016). During this economic downturn, leisure demand in Dubai deteriorated due to the low economic performance in the European countries which accounts for a large share of the demand base. In view of the efforts made by both private investors and Dubai administration, this study seeks to assess the major influencers of this growing trend by narrowing down to Dubai Marina district. Studying these influencers will therefore be critical in offering reliable information for policy formulation and guiding both foreign and domestic investors in investment decisions. This study will therefore be important in explaining the trends in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina in relation to passenger arrivals, hotel establishments, and total supply of rooms. This study seeks to assess growth influencers in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina District, which is a canal city built along the Persian Gulf Shoreline. It is situated between Media City and Jebel Ali Port and is further expected to accommodate about 120000 people after development projects are completed. This study therefore has the following sections: introduction, rationale, problem statement, research objectives and research design. Rationale This study will seek to ascertain the major influencers of growth in hotel industry in Dubai Marina in Dubai. Knowledge of these influencers will be crucial to policy makers in Dubai as well as investors who will be able to use the findings to reinforce Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position as a prominent tourism destination in the Middle East. The understanding of the key influencers of growth will also be crucial in facilitating achievement of 20 million targets of guest arrivals by 2020 and making Dubai the leading destination for corporate oriented business CITATION Dep16 \l 1033 (Department of Tourism, 2016). The policy makers in this case will be able to formulate helpful policies that will improve the pace of growth while investors will be able to make informed decisions when it comes to areas they should focus their effort. This study will also be instrumental in policy making during periods of economic downturn like the one experienced in 2008 which saw the occupancy rate decli ne to 71% CITATION Mur14 \l 1033 (Murari, Kamalapurkar, Johns, French, 2014). Finally, in relation to contribution in academia, this study will add to the body of literature a great depth of understanding of the key factors that influence growth in Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hotel industry. Research problem Tourism in Dubai has shown significant growth since 2003 to 2014. DTCM maintained that, in pursuit the Dubai vision 2020 plan, it would attract about 20 million tourists by 2020. Total room supply, on the other hand, is expected to increase at a rate of 7.9% by 2017 CITATION Dep16 \l 1033 (Department of Tourism, 2016). However, in light of the emerging cities such as TECOM and Al Barsha and proposed expansion for events, there is still high potential for growth in the hotel industry in Dubai. This study therefore seeks to find out the influencers of growth in hotel industry in Dubai Marina between 2003 and 2014 with a view of providing the guide to improved growth levels, influencing policy formulation, and the private sector investments in the industry. Research Objectives Main objective To find out the influencers of growth in hotel industry in Dubai Marina between 2003 and 2014. Specific objectives * To assess the effects of security on growth of the hotel industry in Dubai Marina * To establish whether quality hospitality affects growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina * To find out the extent to which leisure options affects growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina * To find out whether improvement in modern infrastructure affects growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina Research questions * What are the effects of security on growth of the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * Does quality hospitality affect growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * To what extent does leisure options affect growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * How does improvement in modern infrastructure affect growth in the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * What is the effect of socio-economic characteristics of the consumers on the growth of the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * How does the legal environment affect the growth of the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? * What economic factors have an effect on the Dubai marinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth? * How does competition in the hotel industry affect the Dubai Marina? * Does the political environment affect the development in Dubai Marina hotel industry? * What ethical issues play a role in the development of the hotel industry in Dubai Marina? Research Design The researcher shall adopt a positivist approach in carrying out this research. In this case, the researcher shall adopt a quantitative me...

A Fools Manual to A Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics Revealed

<h1> A Fool's Manual to A Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics Revealed</h1> <p>All the individuals from the family had distinctive exhortation in transit the cash should be spent. Numerous squabbles result from the cash. </p> <p>Each individual from the family has her or his own thoughts regarding the best approach to utilize the cash. Walter all the while lost the protection approach cash and his point of transforming into a businessperson. Right now, he chooses to take the cash the white man brings to the table. </p> <p>Furthermore, the family members and the plant are here and there normal. Plainly the plant still alive in the horrendous condition. </p> <p>Lena needs another house, Beneatha might want to be a doctor and Walter might want to have an association. Walter Lee is the leader of the relatives and in the beginning of the play he is by all accounts very unpleasant. He concludes that he's going to tell Karl Lindner that he will take the proposal on the house. He tosses the man out of the house. </p> <h2> The 30-Second Trick for a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics</h2> <p>However, there exist a few strategies that may push the perusers to really have a quite beneficial understanding experience. You shouldn't utilize the eBook continually for a lot of hours without rests. Underneath Younger is very friendly and not hesitant to taste new encounters which were offered to her during school. Lesser the development you should make while perusing the eBook better will turn into your understanding experience. </p> <h2>Definitions of a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics < ;/h2> <p>During the occasion, the primary socioeconomics of people who went to watch plays were among the caucasion plunge. There are loads of things that aren't entirely recognizable, yet subsequent to thinking about them, they end up being of magnificent significance. Some of the discussion is about a watch that they hope to get the following second. His magnanimity permitted the family to live in concordance. </p> <h2>Things You Won't Like About a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics and Things You Will </h2> <p>Becoming in a situation to make a solid contention can assist you with prevailing in the public arena. Indeed, the play shows that segregation is a horrendous thing that may ever occur in the public eye. It won't be simple for them to live there because of the partiality they'll confront, however they decide to push ahead paying little mind to it. All the Youngers have significant dreams they need to acknowledge however by virtue o f their monetary status and the plenteous bigotry existing apart from everything else, and they need to set aside these fantasies. </p> <p>She battles with her children's fixation of cash and questions the kind of grown-ups they're turning out to be. Numerous splendid people who made progress in life demonstrated really scholarly drop-outs. The Younger family is set to live in the white neighborhood prepared to go up against the risks of segregation that anticipates them. To Beneatha, giving individuals clinical consideration is without a doubt one of indisputably the most concrete brilliant things somebody can do. </p> <h2> The Ultimate Approach to a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics </h2> <p>Through his character, Hansberry can show some of the class pressures which exist inside the African-American culture. The characters have different characters, goals and convictions. In numerous expert settings, aware argumentation is what prompts the development of new recommendations and points of view. To make a solid factious exposition, understudies should begin by acclimating them selves with some of the normal, and every now and again clashing, positions on the examination subject so they can compose an informed paper. </p> <h2> What to Expect From a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics?</h2> <p>He believes that the venture will fix the family's financial issues until the end of time. For example, Beneatha accepts that she's qualified for school instruction and to participate in extracurricular exercises, despite the fact that the cash would be better spent in the family. In like manner the division scarcely gets any daylight in the smallest. It battles with the awful air. </p> <h2> The Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics Cover Up</h2> <p>A critical distinction between the two renditions is the visual intrigue of Mrs. Johnson. Look at whether you can turn the page with some bolt keys or snap a specific piece of the screen, other than using the mouse to deal with everything. Consider using the m ouse in case you're open to sitting back. You may likewise support your eBook perusing experience with assistance of choices outfitted by the product program for example the text dimension, full screen mode, the particular determination of pages that should get showed on the double and furthermore adjust the shade of the background. </p> <h2> The Little-Known Secrets to a Raisin in the Sun Argumentative Essay Topics </h2> <p>Walter might want to submit cash in the alcohol business with two or three his amigos. He might want to put resources into an alcohol store with companions. He isn't worried about the debasing ramifications of the business bargain. He needs to open an alcohol store with the goal that he can work for himself and not need to work for white individuals. </p>

What to Write About and How to Structure Your Essay

<h1>What to Write About and How to Structure Your Essay</h1><p>Your first school semester ought to be a period of positive changes. Regardless of whether you are coming back to class just because or going to begin your first year, you should make this semester your best yet by learning a few hints on the best way to compose a phenomenal first school essay.</p><p></p><p>First of all, previously, school papers have been finished by understudies who were too apathetic to even think about coming up with their own thoughts. Today, understudies would now be able to make their own parts or even make their own whole papers as long as they have the ability to utilize the proper composing apparatuses and the capacity to structure their contemplations in a consistent way. Since such a significant number of more understudies have gotten engaged with the way toward composing their papers throughout the years, the present understudies are in truth much mor e intelligent than their folks and grandparents.</p><p></p><p>First of all, the peruser is your vital aspect for winning the main school exposition. Previously, your fundamental spotlight was on thinking of good data for your understudies to find out about. Today, you ought to be progressively worried about what they will have the option to do with the data that you give them. An elegantly composed first school article will be one that is loaded with valuable information and encounters that the understudy can put to utilize while in college.</p><p></p><p>The understudy is the person who is eventually answerable for whether the exposition is elegantly composed. You should locate the best subject and substance for the article and afterward get your understudies to compose on it. When you figure out what sort of points will be best for your understudies, you should utilize the most widely recognized words to depict the theme and arrange t he paper in a coherent fashion.</p><p></p><p>The most significant piece of the entire procedure is having your understudies compose an incredible first exposition. At the point when you allocate an exposition task, it is dependent upon you to guarantee that your understudies produce an incredible bit of work. Since numerous understudies love to compose, on the off chance that they feel that the task won't be that troublesome, they will be considerably more liable to work superbly on it. Essentially request that understudies show you the most ideal approach to arrange their contemplations and work out an incredible prologue to the essay.</p><p></p><p>For the vast majority of the understudy articles, it is imperative to give them a cutoff time to accomplish so they will be progressively adept to compose their exposition inside the distributed time. Try not to drive them to compose the article for the end of the week, since it will just s erve to humiliate the understudy and never really show sluggishness on their part.</p><p></p><p>It will likewise help in the event that you appoint the task simultaneously consistently. Since the subject of every task ought to have a pre-built up time span, there is no compelling reason to constrain them to complete the task before the cutoff time. Simply give them a framework of the exposition so they can show signs of improvement thought of what to compose before they start chipping away at it.</p><p></p><p>Finally, investigate their sentence structure and spelling. This will assist you with knowing whether they have set aside the additional effort to get ready for the article or in the event that they are just blaming it so as to tarry and compose something that they think looks good.</p>

Research Application Essay Sample

Research Application Essay SampleAn undergrad look into application exposition can be a troublesome task. The errand of exploring your own examination and composing a compelling exploration paper all alone requires a specific measure of expertise and certainty. On the off chance that you need a touch of help composing your examination paper, an elegantly composed undergrad inquire about application exposition is an extraordinary asset. Regardless of whether you don't have the foundation or aptitudes to compose such a paper, getting tips and thoughts from somebody who has just done this can demonstrate helpful.Often, when understudies compose their undergrad inquire about application exposition, they are ignorant of the potential traps that they may fall into. On the off chance that you are battling with the prospective employee meet-up or even your first research paper, it is imperative to look for proficient assistance. You should recruit a partner or coach who has involvement with this zone to work with you to give you the best undergrad examine application exposition possible.It can be anything but difficult to get overpowered by the a huge number of points and thoughts on the web and in the paper web crawlers. Nonetheless, it is imperative to remain sorted out, so don't become overpowered. To forestall over-burdening yourself, plunk down and record the five or six themes you will cover in your paper. This will give you an establishment for your paper and make it simpler to compose your paper once you know the topics.Writing an undergrad inquire about paper can be troublesome, however there are tips and deceives that can make it simpler. For instance, you can approach others you know for exhortation on what points to cover. A decent article doesn't really need to manage a particular point; rather, it is an expansive, summed up proclamation. You can discuss your own encounters with a particular theme by asking the others in your examination bunch what points are shrouded in their paper.There are different approaches to make the exploration paper simpler to compose, for example, making a point to compose each section plainly. You would prefer not to forget about any data since then you should return and re-compose the whole paper. Utilize a decent paper design for your article that will enable you to recollect what the central matters are. Once more, on the off chance that you don't compose obviously, ask another person to help you.You should ensure that your exploration paper is engaged and to the point. What's more, you would prefer not to meander aimlessly and be monotonous; simply be compact. To assist you with beginning, the examination application exposition test incorporates various key focuses and will enable you to plot what your paper will cover.Writing a paper is anything but a straightforward errand. Regardless of whether you don't have the experience or capacity to think of one, you can discover help from experts who have ju st composed such papers. You can utilize the undergrad inquire about application article test as a bouncing off point for composing your own paper.Your examine paper will be important to you on the off chance that you make it elegantly composed, intriguing, and shows your comprehension of the subject. An elegantly composed exposition establishes a decent connection and furthermore permits you to concentrate on the central matters of your paper.

Essay Samples For IELTS General Training

<h1>Essay Samples For IELTS General Training</h1><p>Students have a great deal of schoolwork to do and one approach to do this is to get articles tests for IELTS General Training. The course plans understudies for the test and for the general information test. It is required for all understudies to finish these tests and since passing is an essential for school confirmation, understudies can improve their scores by composing articles for the course. They should have the option to compose clear, brief and to the point papers for this significant course.</p><p></p><p>Good article composing requires a few components. In the first place, it needs the understudy to inquire about well about the course theme. The understudy should think of his own concept of what he needs to compose, be unique in the manner in which he composes and consistently focus on sentence structure. Additionally, on the off chance that he needs to compose an exposition all al one, he should comprehend what he needs to state and what to write so as to compose an unmistakable and brief essay.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise expound on fundamental data that the understudies need. All understudies realize that in a paper, a writer can't expound on the recent developments that might be on your head. This is on the grounds that understudies ought to have data that they can identify with. This is the place you can look into effectively to get the fundamental facts.</p><p></p><p>Writing is a workmanship in itself. In this way, composing ought to be all around wanted to give the understudy a superior possibility of improving evaluation. One thing is that you should peruse the composed work of different understudies in your group to ensure that you have arranged a decent writing.</p><p></p><p>A understudy who has done some writing in his past class or somebody who you see when you are in sc hool ought to be offered time to get acquainted with you and how you compose. You ought to have some work on composing practices that you can follow and rehearse for in any event a large portion of a day prior submitting it. You can send it as printed version or request that somebody edit it first. By doing this, you will show signs of improvement thought on the off chance that it is your first try.</p><p></p><p>Then you can return to your composition. You ought to return to essentials in your composition. Try not to hurry through your composition. Peruse each sentence cautiously and focus on how the sentence is comprised of words and sentence structure. You should realize how to compose a particular point and what are the right terms that ought to be used.</p><p></p><p>Try to keep your composing basic and clear. There is no sense in having a confused composing style that will make the understudy believe that you are simply bustling co mposition. Understudies need to comprehend that any sentence isn't in the same class as the past one. Furthermore, utilization of words ought to be precise, implying that there ought to be no linguistic errors.</p><p></p><p>Essay tests for IELTS General Training can make an extraordinary expansion to your future. They will assist you with making the most out of your time and significantly after you have stepped through the exam you can return and check it once more. This can assist you with improving your IELTS score, which will give you a superior possibility of getting in school and improve your future.</p>

Sitting Shiva Essays - 1311 Words

Sitting Shiva When a loved one dies, it is common for the mourners to immerse themselves in their particular religious traditions. From Buddhism to Christianity to Hinduism, dealing with death and the existence or nonexistence of an afterlife is a fundamental issue that ties people to their faiths. Often the rituals and traditions surrounding death offer insight into other parts of the religion. Blu Greenberg writes in How to Run a Traditional Jewish Household, No matter what, each one of us will die, and just as there is a way to live as a Jew, there is a way to die and be buried as a Jew. (287) The custom of sitting Shiva is one part of dying and being buried as a Jew. Judaism considers two basic principles when the laws†¦show more content†¦After the funeral service, it is customary for friends of the mourners to prepare the seudat havraah, the meal that begins the process of healing and repair (Greenberg 293). This meal usually consists of bread, hard-boiled eggs, chickpeas and bagels (Robinson 190). The hard-boiled egg symbolizes fertility and reminds the mourners that death is a continuation of the natural cycle (Robinson 190). The other foods are also circular, showing the cycle of life and death (Robinson 190). The seudat havraah begins the formal mourning process, called Shiva, which takes its name from the Hebrew word for the length it lasts, seven days (Robinson 190). As with most Jewish customs, sitting Shiva has its roots in the Hebrew Scriptures. Establishing the first seven days as the most intense stage of mourning is based on an interpretation of a verse in Amos (8:10): And I will turn your feasts [which usually lasted seven days] into mourning, and all your songs into lamentations; and I will bring sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son; and the end thereof is a bitter day. 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How to Prepare Students For the ACT Writing Test

<h1>How to Prepare Students For the ACT Writing Test</h1><p>To give understudies the most obvious opportunity to exceed expectations at the ACT composing test, you can request that they compose a paper brief for a given subject. Composing article prompts not just improve the understudies' understanding perception and composing abilities, yet in addition help them to apply and comprehend basic reasoning aptitudes that are generally significant in the ACT. Here are a few hints on composing paper prompts that will assist understudies with prevailing on the ACT Writing Test.</p><p></p><p>Your test composing brief ought to be predictable all through the composing movement. Despite the fact that the ACT is one of the top school placement tests, understudies must choose the option to keep a similar test composing brief all through the whole composing movement. This is on the grounds that the ACT Writing Test is certainly not a one-time task; rather, it expects understudies to apply each and every time they take the ACT. So understudies ought to hope to be compelled to grow new abilities each time they take the ACT.</p><p></p><p>Most of the ACT test composing prompts come in free on the web. These example tests are intended to furnish understudies with rules regarding how to adequately structure their exposition. Understudies are urged to contemplate these prompts to pick up the training and certainty expected to prevail on the ACT. An example ACT Writing brief permits understudies to more readily comprehend the fundamental rules that underlie the ACT composing exam.</p><p></p><p>You can discover an example test composing brief by tapping on the connections beneath the ACT test, or by utilizing the inquiry alternative at the base of the ACT's site. The ACT gives test composing prompts as a major aspect of its site's asset area. For further developed understudies, the ACT will have full test composing prompts accessible online for your review.</p><p></p><p>Students who are knowledgeable in the essentials of English punctuation can get a lift from addressing addresses identified with it in the ACT Writing Test. Understudies who know about such inquiries as 'What is the contrast among trust and dependability?' and 'What is the distinction among outrage and feeling? 'will be decidedly ready for the ACT Writing Test.</p><p></p><p>Students who have taken the ACT beforehand may have figured out how to peruse more sentences than expected in a given sentence. By contemplating these prompts, understudies can help improve their cognizance around there. On the off chance that an understudy is happy to find out about the sentences and entries that fall outside the standard of perusing, at that point the ACT Writing Test might be a decent choice for them.</p><p></p><p>Students who are sure about their capacity to communicate well ought to pick a composing brief that offers a positive expression about them. The individuals who are certain to such an extent that they need to be 'heard' can respond to the inquiry regarding feeling with a model that shows how it is communicated in the ACT Writing Test. Most understudies will concur that a couple of additional models is regularly all that is expected to assist them with overcoming the composing task.</p>

The Best Fourth Grade Essay Topics For Your Kids

The Best Fourth Grade Essay Topics For Your KidsIt is not easy to choose the best four grade essay topics for your kids. They will want to be writing about all sorts of things and it is hard to choose what will work. You may also want to consider having your kids write it for you.Of course it is not always that easy to find something that one child may like. If you have two, three or more of them writing essays then you are going to have some choices. It is best to take the time to find out what is in their heads and what they really enjoy. That will help you narrow down the topic options that are available to you.This may mean they want to write on something they enjoy reading, watching or playing on the computer. You need to find something that they can write about because it is a way for them to express their thoughts. You may also consider finding topics that they are interested in so that they will be eager to do the essay for you.You will want to have your child write a writing assignment for you at home before he or she goes off to school. The reason is that they may want to read over the essays and edit them as much as possible before they go to school. This will make sure that it sounds right when it comes out of the printer. They will want to get their name in front of everyone at school.When they are in school and they get a paper in front of them then they may not be as interested in the topic at hand. They may be looking at other things and that may cause them to put a different topic at the top of the paper. Your first priority should be getting it written as quickly as possible.There are things that you can do to make sure your child enjoys the assignment. Make sure that it sounds like a normal conversation. Your child might be looking for answers to questions that they have so make sure they are not left hanging when you write it. When you want them to stop because it sounds odd then you will have them fix it.Get them involved with the theme. Tr y having them answer some of the questions on the paper and let them write their own answers on the paper. This will allow them to see the questions and to write out answers without you asking them.These are just a few ideas to consider when you are looking for the best, fourth grade essay topics for your children. You may want to consider having them write it for you. It will make sure that they get to see how well they write and it will also allow them to learn about writing by doing.

Essay on Holocaust - 2491 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The most familiar act of anti-Semitism is the Holocaust, but anti-Semitism goes further back. The Holocaust began with the ideas of anti-Semitism, stereotypes, sinister cartoons, and the gradual spread of hate. Anti-Semitism is the prejudice and discrimination against or harassment of Jewish people. Martin Luther once wrote, â€Å"That next to the devil thou hast no enemy more cruel, more venomous and violent than a true Jew† (Dawidowicz, 23). Anti-Semitism is just like every other type of prejudice and discrimination, it represents a denial of human rights. Though violent Anti-Semitism acts are rare, there are still occurrences of anti-Semitism today. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The roots of anti-Semitism were†¦show more content†¦66. A bloody war between the Jews and Romans would take place for four years. Christians began to bring a negative picture of Judaism in their writings. John Chrysostom, quot;Doctor of the Churchquot;, criticized and attacked Jews of his city. He called them ; quot;lustful, rapacious, greed, perfidious bandits . . . inveterate murderers, destroyers, men possessed by the devilquot; (Patterson, 9). Jews questioned if the Christians forgotten Jesus was a Jew?. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As the Medieval and Middle Ages approached Anti-Semitism did not end. Jews were denied citizenship and civil rights. The Crusades were a massive murder for the Jews. They were fighting over the Holy Land. â€Å"As many as ten thousand were killed, one third of the Jewish population in Germany† (Patterson, 12). This only led to the resentment of Jews and more alarm. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They were denied positions of authority in government and military, membership in guilds and professions, and from owning any land. After time they were cloistered to ghettos and had to wear hats or badges for identification purposes. Government restricted Jews to certain jobs as well. â€Å"Popular lore came to depict the Jew as having horns and a tail, like the devil, and a distinctive smell† (Patai 74). â€Å"When the Black Death (1347-1350) occurred Jews were accused for poisoning wells and food supplies† (Patia 75). This would put Jews at the lowest group in society and become harassed for everyShow MoreRelatedHolocaust : Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 Pages History of holocaust Holocaust Term Paper Jewish people were tortured, abused, and subjected through horrific unfathomable situations by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Despite all of the unpragmatic hardships Jews all over Europe faced, many stayed true to their faith and religion. There are numerous stories in which Jewish people tried to keep the roots of their religion well knowing the risk of torture and death. The never ending fear of Jewish people living in the Ghettos and trying to surviveRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 PagesWe all know the horrific experience, the Jews faced during the Holocaust and after it. Even after some survived the holocaust physically, they will always be tormented and haunted by those gruesome memories from those inhumane actions that were directed towards them. After, all they went through it is obvious the holocaust affected the survivor s drastically, but how about the future generations of Jews. In which I believe the holocaust did in fact affect the second generation, but the third generationRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Holocaust930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most well known genocides that have taken place. It had destroyed millions of Jewish lives and has caused a historical pain to these people that cannot be taken away till this day. The Holocaust can be seen from Goldhagen’s perspective of eliminationism. It did have all of the five steps and yet there was uniqueness about the Holocaust. The first one that can be looked at is the concentration camp itself. The history of the camp and the stories are still being unfoldedRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust The holocaust is a term originally referred to a religious rite in which an offering is incinerated. But today, has another meaning; is any human disaster of great magnitude and importance, mainly refers to the extermination of the Jews who lived in Europe conducted by the Germany government. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jewish community was improving their situation and their rights equalized to those of other citizens in most European countries. But despite this, these peopleRead MoreHolocaust : An Examination Of The Holocaust1117 Words   |  5 Pages In the summer of 1944 the soviets freed the Jewish from the concentration camps like Belzec, Treblinka and the most infamous killing camp Auschwitz. In an examination of the holocaust I will converse the effects of the holocaust and their worlds response, to its victims and perpetrators. The aftermath of the holocaust shows the mass Genocide people found, as Germany cures itself it showed civilization that we should not let someone manipulate us, and let them change our ideals and beliefs. I willRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Jewish Holocaust858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust is often described as the largest, most gruesome holocaust in history. It began in 1933 with the rise of Adolf Hitler and lasted nearly twelve years until the Nazi Party were defeated by the Allied powers in 1945. The expression â€Å"Holocaust† originated from Greece which is translated to â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. This is a very proper name considering the slaughter and carnage of Jewi sh people inflicted by the Nazis. In addition to the Jewish, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexualRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger toRead MoreThe Holocaust971 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the most horrible and dreaded events in history. Millions of Jews were killed, leaving many families devastated and hopeless. With the goal of racial purity, Adolf Hitler- along with many other Germans believed the Jews caused the defeat of their country, and led the Nazis to the elimination of Jews. For this reason, â€Å"Even in the early 21st century, the legacy of the Holocaust endures†¦as many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day† (The Holocaust). LaterRead MoreHolocaust Final Draft : Holocaust1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Harmon Holocaust Final draft World History The holocaust started when Adolf Hitler became Germany’s dictator, and they started the organization called the Nazis. They started by terrorizing the Jewish community in Germany, then eventually put them all into concentration camps. In one of the bigger camps, they experimented and took newborn babies away from the nursing mothers and they were seeing how long they would survive without feeding. Between 1945 and 1985, about 5,000 NaziRead MoreThe Holocaust1225 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sabrina Liu Mrs. Osmonson English 2 8 May 2014 The Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the world’s darkest hours, a mass murder conducted in the shadows of the world’s most deadly war.  The Holocaust also known as Shoah, means a systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews during the WWII by German Nazi. Adolf Hitler the leader of Nazis, who afraid Jews would take power over Germans; also, many Germans felt they were mistreated by the lost so

Review from a Public Health Perspective-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Update the global burden of disease due to cervical cancer using appropriate metrics. The data shown in the cases study is from 2002. 2.What is the gold standard cervical screening method in high resource settings? 3.What alternatives are there in low-resource settings? 4.How were these alternatives evaluated and what advantages are mentioned? 5.What were the requirements for the use of the new HPV-DNA test and how were these addressed? 6.List three conditions for the effective use of new cervical screening technologies. 7.List three challenges faced by the three initiatives described in this case study. 8.This case study was written in 2009. Provide an update for 2016. Answers: 1.According to the worldwide prevalence data for cervical cancer in 2012, it is the fourth most common cause of cancer in women. About 5, 28, 000 newly diagnosed cases of cervical cancer were found in the year 2012 and the high risk regions for cervical cancers included Eastern and Middle Africa. In that year, cervical cancer was responsible for 266, 000 deaths and it accounted to 7.5% death in female due to cancer. Another common trend that was seen from the data was that most of people diagnosed with cervical cancer came for lesser developed countries (Globocan.iarc.fr. 2012). In case of recent statistics on cervical cancer in Australia, in 2018, 1.5% new female cancer cases were diagnosed in 2018. It is regarded as the 14th most diagnosed cancer among females in Australia (canceraustralia.gov.au 2018). 2.Cervical cytololgy is the gold standard screening methods for screening of cervical cancer in all developed countries. It is also called Pap test or pap smear test. It is a fast and simple screening methods which involves taking cells from the cervix and sending the cell for laboratory testing. The main purpose of the cervical cytology is to examine presence of abnormal cells in smear. The method had significant impact on cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rate. However, currently more specific test called human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is also done due to the limitations of Pap smear. Pap smear is found to have low sensitivity, high false negatives rates and interobserver variability. Research study also revealed other limitations such as interobserver bias and chances of misinterpretation of results. It does not work in low resource setting too because of lack of infrastructure and highly trained personnel to examine the smear. For this reason, cytologic testing requires regular examination and follow up with patients too (Boone, Erickson and Huh 2012) 3.The alternative screening methods for cervical cancer in low resource setting includes HPV testing or visual inspection with acetic acid followed by cryotherapy. Visual inspection with acetic acid is the second option for screening when HPV testing is not available in a region. The HPV testing was identified as an alternative screening method when many barriers were found in cytology based screening low resources areas. For instance, in low resource regions like Pacific islands, people found it hard to travel to remote areas for screening. This region also lacked proper infrastructure for testing such as lack of high quality cytology system and pathology lab. Hence, screening for women with HPV testing with or without visual inspection with acetic acid was recommended by WHO. HPV testing has been found effective in reducing cervical cancer mortality and late-stage illness in studies done in India, Europe and Africa. The logistical barrier to the test can also be addressed by use of point-of-care HPV test (Elit, Ogilvie and Lee 2017). 4.Other alternatives like HPV testing has been evaluated by means of cost-effectiveness and ease of access parameters. Screening test sensitivity and population coverage were also evaluated before proposing it as an alternative option for screening in low resource setting. Primary prevention is now done with HPV testing because a trial showed that HPV was a more cost effective and sensitive method. It had sensitivity of 96%. Furthermore, combining it with other screening methods enhanced detection pre-invasive lesions. In terms of ease of testing and conducting the test, HPV was found to be a more objective and reproducible tool because it required less training for use among health care staffs. Cytology favored subjective interpretation of cervical cancer risk, however HPV offered the opportunity of automated and centralized testing. Hence, large specimen could be tested by HPV screening method (Boone, Erickson, and Huh, 2012). Therefore, HPV is most likely to emerge as a primary sc reening for cervical cancer followed by triage with other methods. 5.For implementing HPV DNA test as a screening method for cervical cancer screening, the new requirement was that the screening tools should have optimal balance between clinical sensitivity and detection of different types of lesions to minimize follow-up procedures. Hence, reliable performance of HPV testing was expected to consider it as a reliable screening method. The balance between true and false positive was achieved by changes in analytic sensitivity of the tool. Another emphasis was that HPV detection assay should comply with the clinical criteria of diagnosis. The summary of the requirement for the HPV testing assay are as follows: It should have a clinical sensitivity of about 90% It should have a clinical specificity of not less than 98% It should display intra-laboratory reproducibility (Meijer et al. 2009) Other logistic requirement for wide use of the test was done developing clinically validated and point of care HPV test. 6.Currently, the new technologies used for screening of cervical cancer include HPV diagnostics and HPV DNA testing. The three conditions that are necessary for the effectiveness of new cervical screening technologies include the following: Cost effectiveness condition based on cost of the HPV test per years and cost spent in triage methods It should be able to identify the precursor lesion that would help in curing the disease The tool should have high sensitivity and ability to rule out false positive outcome The utility condition was also important for the effectiveness of the tool (de Kok et al. 2012). 7.The three challenges faced by the initiatives described by the case study included the following: Challenges due to nature of partnership: In 2009, PATH developed a multi-pronged approach to solve the problem of poor screening programs in low resource setting. However, one of the challenges found in the initiatives were that it lacked consideration regarding factors needed to promote coordinated alliance. Although the main purpose was to improve service delivery system and implement effective prevention strategies, however this needed strong alliance. However, lack of attention to coordinated alliance was the reason for conflict of interest. Challenge related to developing technologically sound and cost effective tool: Another challenge found in implementing the initiative was the need to develop a business model that allows sale of two types of HPV tool. One for high resource setting and other for low resource setting. Challenges related to acceptance of alternative to Pap smear: Pap smear remained the gold standard tool for diagnosis. However, one challenge in the initiative to implement high quality screening program was the skeptical attitude of the medical community regarding the effectiveness of alternative options like HPV tool (Hronek 2009). 8.The case study discussed about comprehensive prevention approach implemented in 2009 like identifying sustainable alternatives to Pap and implementing various approach to improve the quality and cost effectiveness of cervical cancer screening for low resource setting. In 2016, comprehensive approach for improvement of cervical cancer has been implemented in low resource setting like Africa. The review of research and development in cervical cancer in Africa in 2016 has revealed large number of research done secondary prevention methods like screening. For example, now cancer prevention efforts include biomarkers for cervical cancer and establishing feasible approach to screen adult women in low resource setting. Some of the important factors that have been considered for feasibility of screening methods include accessibility, affordability, provider training and health care infrastructure. It has also been proposed to develop national registries to track new cased and identify new needs for prevention projects (Finocchario-Kessler et al. 2016). References: Boone, J.D., Erickson, B.K. and Huh, W.K., 2012. New insights into cervical cancer screening.Journal of gynecologic oncology,23(4), pp.282-287. canceraustralia.gov.au 2018.Cervical cancer statistics | Cervical cancer. Cervical-cancer.canceraustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 16 February 2018, from https://cervical-cancer.canceraustralia.gov.au/statistics Cost?effectiveness of cervical cancer screening: cytology versus human papillomavirus DNA testing.BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology,119(6), pp.699-709. de Kok, I.M., van Rosmalen, J., Dillner, J., Arbyn, M., Sasieni, P., Iftner, T. and van Ballegooijen, M., 2012. Primary screening for human papillomavirus compared with cytology screening for cervical cancer in European settings: cost effectiveness analysis based on a Dutch microsimulation model.Bmj,344, p.e670. Elit, L., Ogilvie, G. and Lee, M., 2017. Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Resource Settings.Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada,39(12), pp.1183-1184. Finocchario-Kessler, S., Wexler, C., Maloba, M., Mabachi, N., Ndikum-Moffor, F. and Bukusi, E., 2016. Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health,16(1), p.29. Hronek, J., 2009. Case studies for Global health: building relationship. Sharing knowledge.Case studies for Global health: building relationship. Sharing knowledge. Globocan.iarc.fr. 2012. GLOBOCAN Cancer Fact Sheets: Cervical cancer. Retrieved 16 February 2018, from https://globocan.iarc.fr/old/FactSheets/cancers/cervix-new.asp Meijer, C.J., Berkhof, J., Castle, P.E., Hesselink, A.T., Franco, E.L., Ronco, G., Arbyn, M., Bosch, F.X., Cuzick, J., Dillner, J. and Heideman, D.A., 2009. Guidelines for human papillomavirus DNA test requirements for primary cervical cancer screening in women 30 years and older.International journal of cancer,124(3), pp.516-520.